business ethics :: essays research papers

Eli, The Fanatic is a short story about a young lawyer dealing with ethical issues in his community. He is torn apart in his decision of choosing between a patch in a lawyers suit and his neighborhood. We find that Eli is confine in between two conflicting cultures. He, himself has assimilated with his Protestant neighbors and wishes that the Jewish man in the old, black suit would do the same. Eli is driven to the extreme by laborious to get the poor, unfortunate man to change his attire consequently his identity. In the beginning Eli seems focused and put together. Yet, we find that Eli is disoriented because of his wife, career and surroundings. He urges the man in the suit to take off his black one and put on Elis green, lawyer suit. The Black suit makes Eli crazy because it represents old, traditional, European ways. By changing suits, Eli is making the man change his culture. The Black suit shows that the man is not assimilated, especially since all the Jewish, traditional, males wear them. It represents their isolationism from the world. The men that wear the Black suits rescue their own attire, language and culture. Eli is persistent on getting the man a overbold suit. Mr. Tzuref responds to Eli, The suit the gentleman wears is all hes got. Now logically speaking the man can get a new suit but by giving it up, he is developing a whole new identity. The Jews that have come to Woodenton are survivors of the Holocaust. The Black signifies the morbid colors of pain and anguish that these men suffered. They have been deprived of their freedom, religion and family all they have left(a) are these suits. The community is quite disturbed that some strange individual comes to glance through and shop in their town. The towns people fall apartt like change. They want to avoid it all costs. They are afraid of what could happen if their community changes. Next thing theyll be after our daughters. (302) Elis wife, Miriam agrees with the moderation of her neig hbors that the man in the suit should just leave their community. Eli is the only one that feels that justice should be served. He is just a man in a suit she would say. Yet, Eli knows that this man has potential to be like the rest of them, modern so he changes him into a green suit.

Personal Time Management Essay -- Managing Your Time

What do we know about date get alongment? As adults we should know a hole about time circumspection. We all strive to become the best that we can be. This alone should encourage us to learn about time management. every(prenominal) aspect of our lives depends on it. If we puree to plan, organize, and execute our ideas nearly of the time we can manage it well, and when we go the new(prenominal) route, and jump out there feet first, most of the time we do non do as well. This is not the case in every light, but usually it is the norm. Even as we sit in class trying to develop ourselves by improving on our education, we learn that we must manage time to the best of our abilities. This is not through with(p) only for school, but for our families for those of us that have children and spo using ups. A isthmus of the time, we manage to get every subject done and leave ourselves out in the cold when it comes to making time for ourselves. If it is not our chisel or school we ar trying to meet someone elses needs. Being prepared is a key step in universe equal to manage time. There are a lot of things that go with being prepared. First, you have to have an idea of what you want to do. Knowing what you are getting into helps a lot because you lead be able to focus on specific points that will ensure that you are headed in the right direction of achieving your goal. This sounds pretty easy, but it is a task that a lot of people overlook. You may need material to ensure that you can do your task at hand, so knowing scarcely what is leaving on will definitely help. Getting yourself in a proper place to be able to concentrate and execute what you have in mind is also a very important step. Not having a million and one distraction will allow you to focus and get everything done in a time... ...nd friends. touch sure that during your strategy you set a time out for relaxation, eating and sleeping properly. Another part of strategy is to multi-task, use the Twofer concept, for example if you are going to the Laundromat take your homework with you. There are many different parts to time management, such as procrastination, strategy, organization, expectations and being prepared. All of them contribute as in many ways. All of the things that we have spoken about in this paper are highly recommended. The best thing to do when it comes to time management is to set a strategy, become organized and do your best to avoid procrastination. When you manage your time make sure you take the following studying, sleeping, eating, relaxing and other necessary things. No matter what our circumstances are, we can all use some time management skills in our lives. private Time Management Essay -- Managing Your Time What do we know about time management? As adults we should know a lot about time management. We all strive to become the best that we can be. This alone should encourage us to learn about time management. Every aspect of our lives depends on it. If we try to plan, organize, and execute our ideas most of the time we can manage it well, but when we go the other route, and jump out there feet first, most of the time we do not do as well. This is not the case in every light, but usually it is the norm. Even as we sit in class trying to better ourselves by improving on our education, we learn that we must manage time to the best of our abilities. This is not done only for school, but for our families for those of us that have children and spouses. A lot of the time, we manage to get everything done and leave ourselves out in the cold when it comes to making time for ourselves. If it is not our job or school we are trying to meet someone elses needs. Being prepared is a key step in being able to manage time. There are a lot of things that go with being prepared. First, you have to have an idea of what you want to do. Knowing what you are getting into helps a lot because you will be able to focus on specific points that will ensure that you are headed in the right direction of achieving your goal. This sounds pretty easy, but it is a task that a lot of people overlook. You may need material to ensure that you can do your task at hand, so knowing exactly what is going on will definitely help. Getting yourself in a proper place to be able to concentrate and execute what you have in mind is also a very important step. Not having a million and one distraction will allow you to focus and get everything done in a time... ...nd friends. Make sure that during your strategy you set a time out for relaxation, eating and sleeping properly. Another part of strategy is to multi-task, use the Twofer concept, for example if you are going to the Laundromat take your homework with you. There are many different parts to time management, such as procrastination, strategy, organization, expectations and being prepared. All of them contribute equally in many ways. All of the things that we have spoken about in this paper are highly recommended. The best thing to do when it comes to time management is to set a strategy, become organized and do your best to avoid procrastination. When you manage your time make sure you include the following studying, sleeping, eating, relaxing and other necessary things. No matter what our circumstances are, we can all use some time management skills in our lives.

Forgiveness in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

Forgiveness in The Scarlet Letter   Time heals all wounds. is a famous parameter in American history. I dont think that this is true. My line would be, Forgiveness heals all wounds. I think that Forgiveness in a very important part of life. Without it, people can not move on with their lives. Lets take for instance a murderer and the family of the person he killed. The murderer may be sentenced to death. The family of the person who was killed could go in and watch the man that killed their family fellow member be put to death. That may give them peace of mind, but they still can not completely move on. They must forgive murderer for cleansing the person before they can really move on with their lives. Once they do this it will be easier for them. A book that really illustrated this is The Scarlet Letter. In this book there are three main characters, Arthur Dimmesdale, Hester Prynne, and Roger Chillingworth. These three people either needed forgiveness or needed t o forgive both(prenominal)one. Some got it, some didnt. Whether or not they fulfild or gave forgiveness had a great impact in their lives.   Arthur Dimmesdale was a Reverend. He was supposed to be a great, perfection fearing person. He was supposed to never break a rule and be the kind of person everyone wanted to be. The only problem was that Dimmesdale had sinned, and it had been a horrible sin. He had slept with a married woman, and she ended up pregnant. This married woman was Hester Prynne. He needed forgiveness from everyone else before he could forgive himself. Dimmesdale couldnt tell anyone what he had make because he could have been put to death for it. He was too afraid of everyone elses reaction to tell them what he person had done. Therefore he could not receive forgiveness. This sin ate away at Dimmesdale till he couldnt live anymore. All this happened because he couldnt receive forgiveness from the people of his community and himself.   Hester P rynne had been sent to capital of Massachusetts with reports of her husband to follow. After about a year she got kind of lonely. She wasnt sure is he even was going to come to her.

One Life To Give Essay example -- Legal Court Essays

One purport To Give On December 9, 1981, a gaberdine Philadelphia police officer was fatally shot. On July 3, 1982, Mumia Abu-Jamal, a black man, was convicted of his murder and sentenced to death. On May 22, 1996, he accepted a second trial and was again convicted of the same charge. He is sentenced to die on December 2. The hours grow short until this man, who has promoted through his writings and speeches an calculate of himself as falsely accused, is ushered into the record books as one much name dealt justice by the American people. But who constitutes the American people? Is it a suppose in a courtroom, or the thousands of people who assimilate protested Abu-Jamals death as the death of an innocent, an intellectual, and supra all, a black man in a white mans system?The validity of the conviction has been widely questioned in the press. Stuart Taylor Jr., who covered the case for Court TV, states that Abu-Jamal received an unfair trial, tainted by . . . flagrantly biased judging and, in all probability, police fabrication of evidence and intimidation of witnesses. However, more interesting and more important than the legal aspects of the trials is the emotional aspect, the outpouring of support for Abu-Jamal. menu Bickel, after having recently made an extensive survey of the opinions voiced about the case, found literally hundreds of websites protesting the death sentence and only one website supporting it-created by the police officers family. It has been pure gravy for Mumia, a wealth of public indignation for, as the physical composition Refuse & Resist dubs him, an unrepentant Black political prisoner who is the voice of the voiceless.This near canonization of the man goes beyond anything which can be attributed to charisma or ... ...it can potentially undermine the only means we have to attempt to core equal justice. The protest signs of angry crowds call for Justice for Mumia, and in effect justice for all black people. But how can we re ach this if the very means of justice are dismantled to save one man? whole kit and caboodle CitedBickel, Bill. Mumia Abu-Jamal and the Murder of Daniel Faulkner Using the Internet to Search for the Truth. 16 Nov. 1999 <<http//crime.about.com/ burnish/crime/library/weekly/aa070698.htmlDavis, Angela Y, June Jordan, and Alice Walker. The Life of a Black Man. The Nation. 15 Nov. 1999 <<http//www.thenation.com/Refuse and Resist. mob page. 16 Nov. 1999. <<http//mojo.calyx.net/refuse/mumia/index.htmlTaylor Jr., Stuart. Jamals Last Stand. Court TV Casefiles. 11 June 1996 <<www.courttv.com/casefiles/mumia/analysis.html One Life To Give Essay example -- Legal Court EssaysOne Life To Give On December 9, 1981, a white Philadelphia police officer was fatally shot. On July 3, 1982, Mumia Abu-Jamal, a black man, was convicted of his murder and sentenced to death. On May 22, 1996, he received a second trial and was again convicted of the same charge. He is sentence d to die on December 2. The hours grow short until this man, who has promoted through his writings and speeches an image of himself as falsely accused, is ushered into the record books as one more name dealt justice by the American people. But who constitutes the American people? Is it a judge in a courtroom, or the thousands of people who have protested Abu-Jamals death as the death of an innocent, an intellectual, and above all, a black man in a white mans system?The validity of the conviction has been widely questioned in the press. Stuart Taylor Jr., who covered the case for Court TV, states that Abu-Jamal received an unfair trial, tainted by . . . flagrantly biased judging and, in all probability, police fabrication of evidence and intimidation of witnesses. However, more interesting and more important than the legal aspects of the trials is the emotional aspect, the outpouring of support for Abu-Jamal. Bill Bickel, after having recently made an extensive survey of the opinions voiced about the case, found literally hundreds of websites protesting the death sentence and only one website supporting it-created by the police officers family. It has been pure gravy for Mumia, a wealth of public indignation for, as the organization Refuse & Resist dubs him, an unrepentant Black political prisoner who is the voice of the voiceless.This near canonization of the man goes beyond anything which can be attributed to charisma or ... ...it can potentially undermine the only means we have to attempt to effect equal justice. The protest signs of angry crowds call for Justice for Mumia, and in effect justice for all black people. But how can we achieve this if the very means of justice are dismantled to save one man?Works CitedBickel, Bill. Mumia Abu-Jamal and the Murder of Daniel Faulkner Using the Internet to Search for the Truth. 16 Nov. 1999 <<http//crime.about.com/culture/crime/library/weekly/aa070698.htmlDavis, Angela Y, June Jordan, and Alice Walker. The Life of a Black Man. The Nation. 15 Nov. 1999 <<http//www.thenation.com/Refuse and Resist. Home page. 16 Nov. 1999. <<http//mojo.calyx.net/refuse/mumia/index.htmlTaylor Jr., Stuart. Jamals Last Stand. Court TV Casefiles. 11 June 1996 <<www.courttv.com/casefiles/mumia/analysis.html

Narrative as Determination of the Future Anterior :: Narratives Writing Transsexuals Gender Essays

Narrative as Determination of the Future Anterior Narrative, it seems banal to observe, opens a space. This space is not so much a place of play for unlimited possibilities (although in the best of possible worlds it might yet be) as somewhere determined, always, in advance, by the future anterior what get out have happened and how it will already have taken place lure us through stories to their ends, become the end that shines through from the very start. Reading for the ratiocination in narrative, the end justifies the means the end is the means.That is why the distinction so frequently drawn between plot and stage, fabula and sjuzhet, while handy, turns most provocative just when it cannot be made, when the temptation is there for us to make it as readers, when the way to do it seems at hand, but we argon stopped ultimately from completing it. too many Cliffs Notes to The Sound and the Fury have made modernist plot-story scramblings predictable, easy-to-read. But still we wa tch out for when the story turns out to be such that its arrangement prevents us from decrypting, excavating it. The end (the story) stymies the means (the plot) and vice versa.At the end of Leopoldinas Dream by Silvina Ocampo, we find out that the story has been told, not by a charitable narrator as we may have assumed in our anthropomorphic self-satisfaction, but by a little dog who, along with his mistress, Leopoldina, has--Virgin Mary-like--been assumed into Heaven. We are left with the puzzle of where this story, this plot, this narrative enunciation, could have come from. Heaven? A dream of Heaven? The end crosses the means the story undoes the plot. More, since the first part of the story concerns Leopoldinas miraculous ability to bring back objects from her dreams, the tale, narrative itself here, resembles one of these objects, brought back, mysteriously, from some other place, dream world or Heaven. Leopoldinas dream-objects, much to the licking of the little girls she l ooks after, are poor things, stones, grass. The narrative, likewise, is a poor object, a mundane miracle, produced by the simple yet frustratingly seductive crossing of narrative options.Christopher Priests novel of the everyday miraculous, The Glamour, deals with invisibility so as to intertwine plot and story in a way that seems relatively straightforward at the beginning, provided to turn into a tangle, a conundrum, at the end, much more so than the flashier (hence, more reassuring) experiments of the nouveau roman or overtly experimental fiction.

Narrative as Determination of the Future Anterior :: Narratives Writing Transsexuals Gender Essays

Narrative as Determination of the Future Anterior Narrative, it seems banal to observe, opens a space. This space is not so much a place of play for unlimited possibilities (although in the best of possible worlds it might yet be) as somewhere determined, always, in advance, by the rising anterior what will have happened and how it will already have taken place lure us through stories to their ends, become the end that shines through from the rattling start. Reading for the ending in floor, the end justifies the means the end is the means.That is why the distinction so frequently drawn between plot and story, fabula and sjuzhet, while handy, turns most(prenominal) provocative precisely when it cannot be made, when the temptation is there for us to make it as readers, when the way to do it seems at hand, but we are stopped ultimately from completing it. Too many Cliffs Notes to The Sound and the Fury have made modernist plot-story scramblings predictable, easy-to-read. But still we watch out for when the story turns out to be such that its arrangement prevents us from decrypting, excavating it. The end (the story) stymies the means (the plot) and vice versa.At the end of Leopoldinas Dream by Silvina Ocampo, we find out that the story has been told, not by a human narrator as we may have assumed in our anthropomorphic self-satisfaction, but by a little dog who, along with his mistress, Leopoldina, has--Virgin Mary-like--been assumed into Heaven. We are left with the puzzle of where this story, this plot, this narrative enunciation, could have come from. Heaven? A dream of Heaven? The end crosses the means the story undoes the plot. More, since the send-off part of the story concerns Leopoldinas miraculous ability to bring back objects from her dreams, the tale, narrative itself here, resembles one of these objects, brought back, mysteriously, from some other place, dream world or Heaven. Leopoldinas dream-objects, much to the frustration of the little gir ls she looks after, are poor things, stones, grass. The narrative, likewise, is a poor object, a mundane miracle, produced by the simple yet frustratingly seductive crossing of narrative options.Christopher Priests novel of the everyday miraculous, The Glamour, deals with invisibility so as to intertwine plot and story in a way that seems relatively frank at the beginning, only to turn into a tangle, a conundrum, at the end, much more so than the flashier (hence, more reassuring) experiments of the nouveau roman or overtly experimental fiction.

Professional Development of Nurses Essay

In 2008, the engraft of Medicine (IOM) partnered with the Robert Wood Johnson debut (RWJF) to form an initiative on the future(a) of nursing. The RWJF is an independent organization that focuses on healthc are innovations and programs such as childhood obesity, health coverage, and public health. The IOM is a non-government resource that assists the government and private agencies in reservation informed decisions about healthcare issues (ISNA bulletin, 2011, p. 11). This 2 year study focused on the current arouse of healthcare, specifically nursing, and provided recommendations to improve the nursing profession and upraise the infrastructure of healthcare.Key points were safety, technology, and interdisciplinary collaboration of practice. The study focused on nursing education, practice, and nursings role of leadership (Committee on the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation porta on the Future of Nursing, at the Institute of Medicine RWJF, 2011). The focus on education was primarily driven to advance the educational system and to march on advance nursing care in the ever-changing face of healthcare reforms.The study showed that admits have a significant shock absorber in healthcare, with more than 3 million members they are posed to generate a large role in the reform of the healthcare system (Committee on the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Initiative on the Future of Nursing, at the Institute of Medicine RWJF, 2011). The IOM strives to achieve higher levels of education through improved educational systems. Nurses are encouraged to practice to the replete(p) extent of their education and training. The IOM initiative is promoting removal of the barriers that are in place regarding contexts of practice for advanced practice nurses and to standardize the scope of practice delineations across state lines. The report recommends support of nursing education and programs expanded to graduatemore upper level nurses who willing then focus on becoming educators. The terminus of the IOM is to have 80% more baccalaureate prepared nurses by 2020. By increasing the number of nursing programs that are now in place and changing those from purely traditional learning to a hybrid of traditional and innovative or online programs more nurses will graduate with higher degrees. Intensifying the traditional syllabus to include interprofessional collaboration, communication, and systems thinking helps to encourage higher level thinking and superior leadership skills. Additionally encouraging nurses to engage in lifelong learning to observe and renew competencies is very classical the competencies should be relative to the knowledge, experience, and practice of the nurse.Another part of the education process is the implementation of nurse residency programs. These programs are important because it takes time and experience for a nurse to become fully prepared to be functional in the acute care setting and these new opportunities will encourage the nur ses to stay at the institution. This IOM report has a tremendous impact on nursing practice, particularly in primary care with the focus be on increasing nursing education to provide higher quality care for the patient ofs. Keeping up with facility and national competencies is important to ensure that the nurses practice is up to date and current. Improved technology also increases the nurses efficiency and the amount of time that the nurse is able to pass away with their patients. Additionally, this helps with the education of the patient because when the nurse is able to spend more time with the patient more effective teaching is done. Patient safety is one of the close important parts of nursing and by utilizing education as well as technology nurses are able to prevent critical errors and maintain patient safety more effectively.With the new Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) traditional healthcare is evolving to patient centered care delivered in the partne rship rather than in the acute care setting. Advanced practice nurses will have a bigger voice in the community and an enormous impact on healthcare. This will impact me in my nursing facility because as I am better educated and up to date on my competencies, my patients are safer, I am utilizing the most recent technology in caring for them, and therefore providing them the best and safest care. The IOM report is describing an ideal world where nurses are significant as leaders, in a partnership with physicians and other healthcare professionals, in redesigning the healthcare system. To accomplish this reform, nurses must be educated as leaders by stress on communication, professionalism, interprofessional collaboration and decision making (ISNA bulletin, 2011, p. 12).The nurse should be actively involved in identifying problems, collaborating with the physicians to seek solutions, and be committed to providing safe and effective healthcare to the patients and community. Leadershi p also plays an active role in policy making, institutional model development, and improving work processes. Nurses, with their backgrounds in patient care, have a grotesque understanding of patient well-being, institutional policies, and flow of the healthcare team which helps them to be on the forefront of change. In closing, the IOM report is a detailed description of recommendations that hound how nurses can and should be actively participating in the healthcare reform. It is time for a change and nurses have the opportunity and responsibility to participate in these transformational changes. Education, leadership, changes in nursing practice, and collaboration of the healthcare team are the keys to change.ReferencesCommittee on the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Initiative on the Future of Nursing, at the Institute of Medicine. (2011). Institute of Medicine. Article. Retrieved from http//iom.edu//media/Files/Report%20Files/2010/The-Future-of-Nursing/Future%20o Fights, S. D. ( 2012, March/April). Nurses Lead From Where We Stand How Can You Impact the Future Of Nursing? Article. MEDSURG Nursing, 21(2), 57-58. Retrieved from http//library.gcu.edu2048/login?url=http//search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx? contain=true&db=a9h&AN=74576360&site=eds-live&scope=siteNurses Lead from Where We Stand How Can You Impact the Future of Nursing?IOM Report on the Future of Nursing Leading Change, Advancing Health. Journal article. (2011, January 11). Med-Surg Matters, 1, 3. Retrieved from http//library.gcu.edu2048/login?url=http//search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2010978901&site=eds-live&scope=siteIOM Report on the Future of Nursing Leading Change, Advancing Health. Visioning the future of nursing analysis of the IOM/RWJ universe report independent study. (2011, august, September, October). Indiana State

Unhealthy America

American is supposed to be the strongest nation in the creation however we have managed to grasp the largest and most unhealthy nation trophy along with it. Americans care more about how quickly they can grab a meal rather than what that meals consists of and how bad the food is for the body. Americans are becoming increasingly unhealthy with every meal they consume. My aunt went on a trip to Greece lately where she says the food was exquisite and utterly delicious. While she was crashing a Greek wedding she got to experience some of the traditional food.She said the meats were fall off the bone revenue stamp with more explosive tastes than her taste buds could handle. She said the salad was a rainbow of green lettuce with mixed with reds of all colors for tomatoes. She produced a tiny store that once was full of homespun Greek salad dressing that the mother of the bride had made especially for her daughters perfect day. She recalled how immaculate the food was aspect specifical ly she had never seen such terrible foods in America and wished she could bring the cooks back with her.She later told me that when she got back to the states, she realized upright how bad she ate before she went on her trip and she sees more intelligibly now just how unhealthy Americans really are. Her story prompted me to step back and look closer at how we as a nation choses what we are ingest. I took my son to the grocery store to view food for the next couple weeks. I made all of his food myself instead of buying processed fuck up food because I know it is a good deal healthier for him and it makes me think about what I eat.While we were in the fruits and vegetables isle, I noticed we were one of three mass shopping in this area while the rest of the market place was packed with people. With the previous conversation stuck in my head, I decided to look just about at what others were purchasing around me. I spotted a woman with a shopping carriage mounding over with fo od. The looks of her cart reminded me of a contest I watched on TV where the mom got 5 minutes to get as much stuff as she could and by the end of her 5 minutes her cart was overflowing with stuff.As I watch her guardedly choose what she was placing in her cart I realized we were in the frozen foods section. She was staring at a glass door intensely. Behind that glass door sat probably 20 different variations of ice filling. While this gothic and her overweight daughter discussed the options together, I watched her pick up two different one gallon containers of ice cream. One container had chocolate swirls throughout the off white vanilla ice cream and the other had the same chocolate swirls accompanied by pink strawberry swirls.I could hear her daughter asking for one kind and her mother saying she wanted the other kind. So instead of having to choose between the two different gallons of ice cream, she placed both containers in her already overflowing cart. I could sense both of their insulin levels increasing as they began to walk away with their prized frozen treats. While I was standing in the isle with this mother-daughter duo, I was able to get a good look at what they had stuffed in to their cart.I saw several blue boxes of Mac-N-Cheese paired with packages of processed animal intestines otherwise known as hotdogs. I could count six boxes of Hamburger Helper and each one a different variation scarcely all boxes had the specific in discourteous of be doubly cheesy. I would think that a box of processed food that only needs to have water added to it is not the healthiest meal a mother could make for her child. I also spotted a couple 12 packs of various types of soda. I saw short green soda containers of soul bottles of Mountain Dew placed neatly on the side wall of her cart.Thinking to myself I remembered something I read saying that Mountain Dew has the most sodium per bottle than any other soda drink in the business. I came to the conclusion th at my aunt was right. We as a nation are not only eating unhealthy but teaching our children to do the same as well. After leaving the grocery store with our fruit and veggies in hand, I decide to bank check at fast food restaurant to grab a salad for lunch. While in line the person ahead of me places his found. The young lady taking his ensnare is a very short woman with a very wide stance.As he gives his order I recount the experience that I had just had, watching this stranger and her daughter purchase mass quantities of food that were processed and extremely unhealthy. The gentleman tells the cashier he would like a Quarter ruminator with cheese. He asks for an extra slice of cheese, extra pickles and no lettuce or tomato. While the young lady quickly punches thing in to her computer screen to detail the order to his specific wants, he also adds that he would like to supersize his meal and requests a fresh batch of French fries.In my head, still reeling from my conversation with my aunt, I thought about how much obscenity this man is going to eat in just his lunch sitting. The woman waddled over to the fryers that were full of what looked like grease that had not been changed in a week, pulled out a new bag of frozen French fries, filled the container full of them and slid them in to the hot, boiling grease to cook. With his order being made, I couldnt help but to think of all of the calories in his meal that he was getting ready to devour. He stepped aside while lag on his food and I placed my order for a grilled salmon salad with no dressing.I quickly realized our two orders couldnt be more on the opposite sides of the nutrition chart as his meal was nothing but fat and grease and mine containing lettuce, fish, cheese and tomatoes. Another stranger opting to eat absolutely nothing good for them. As I sit down to enjoy my salad I look around and see the meals of others in the restaurant. I take out a package of already cut up bite size pieces of pe aches for my son to each since he is only 7 months old. hard to be inconspicuous, I look at the table next to me.A mother and her two young children are sitting, enjoying their lunches. The mother had a cheeseburger with so much ketchup running out of the sides you would think there was more ketchup that meat. Her youngest son had a 10 piece chicken nugget meal. The nuggets were obviously fried but the meat inside was a strange color of grey leading me to believe it was imitation meat. The little boy devoured each nugget only after carefully dipping each one of the nuggets in to a tub of barbeque sauce, making sure to lather each inch of the nugget to his desired amount.The oldest boy had the same fried, queerly grey food but was dipping his nuggets in to ketchup. In my head I couldnt help but to sum up their lunch as to being fried fat and fried imitation meat, all lathered in a sodium filled dipping sauce. I quickly finished my meal and headed for the door. I had stage set my m ind that I would not be like that mother, teaching her sons that eating unhealthy was acceptable. As I started putting away my groceries, I also started travel my cupboards and refrigerator from anything processed.It was clear to me that the word unhealthy was quickly becoming our nations primary adjective. As I reflect on my conversation with my aunt and the experiences I had with the unknowing strangers I watched purposely chose fatty, processed, fried and ultimately the most unhealthy foods possible, I realized obesity is not just a bound used to define a plus size individual but a growing epidemic that is quickly spreading across our great nation. gangrenous Americans are more prominent in society today and the growing trend does not look to be slowing down any time soon.

How Is Dramatic Tension Created in Act 2 Scene 2 of Macbeth?

Shakespear wrote the play Macbeth in the 16th century and its set in the 11th century. The different themes explored in this play are Power, Fate, Destiny, Evil as well as the unnatural. The play is about Macbeth trying to gain power in ruthless modalitys because of the predictions the terzetto witches made. Lady Macbeth plays an important role throughout the play too as a powerful elizabethan woman. In Act 2 Scene 2 Macbeth fixs going insane due to the guilt and we see a change in his character right before this scene Macbeths killed the king and now is destruction out of guilt.This is a very pivotal scene in the play as I believe this is the turning point of the play as after(prenominal) this scene more crime is commited too. The scene begins with Lady Macbeth talking. The hearing understands that Lady Macbeth is waiting for her husband to return from commiting the crime. Lady Macbeth seems to be thrilled and agitated, telling herself that its exclusively going to be okay. She incurs courageous and fearless, the reference gets this idea as she keeps repeating her plan over and over and over again believeing in herself feeling sheer claiming she has fire.Lady Macbeth comes out as a very strong Elizabethan woman who believes in her own power to manipulate and control Macbeth the way she likes it. She first says that what hath made them drunk, hath made bold What hath quenchd them, hath give me fire this is her saying she is excited as she believes that her husband is about to achieve vastness and become the king, his plans have made her passionate about the death of Duncan or is she trying to convince herself that she is right to plan the murder? A Shakespearian audience would start to believe that she is a witch as in Shakespeare times they strongly believed in witches.Reason why Shakespear wrote this play was due to King throng the firsts obsession with witchcraft. A Shakespearen audience would be very appalled as they would expect a woman in those times to be very obident and innocent. Shes meant to agree her husband however Lady Macbeth behaves much differently. This gives the impression that she is twisted as she sees murder as something so trivial and has no feeling of guilt whatsoever, to an terminus of planning the death of the Duncan.. A king also in those times is said to be as a messanger of God therefore killing a Gods messanger would be something that could lead upto death penalty.A modern audience would not be as shocked as a Shakespearn audience as partnership has now changed and such behaviour is very expected in a woman too but some might disagree and act strike as women are seen to be the more vulnerable, helpless ones in society and would never expect them to behave in this manner. Macbeth enters when the crime is commited. Lady Macbeth makes sure to court him. Dramatic tension first starts when Lady Macbeth says the owl scream and the crickets cry. To a modern audience, this has no meaning but during Sh akespearean times these noises were signs of mortal who has died/death.Also, something evil and unatural. presently sentences are utilise to build up dramatic tension. Both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth use one worded answers and ask short questions. For example When? Now. As I descended? Ay. This builds up tension as the reader might believe Lady Macbeth and Macbeth are scared so the conversation is short and snappy. If this scene was re-enacted the histrion would read this in a hushed voice and a quiet tone as they wouldnt want to get caught. The audience is aware that Macbeth has commited a sin.The audience would begin to feel cautious and tension builds up because what happens next is not predicatble, the audience is not sure if they would get caught or heard by someone. This is where things start to get a twist and this scene gets more interesting as we see a change in the characters. This is where Macbeths madness starts as well as his guilt and the fear that population wil l discover what has happened. The theme of guilt is then built up throughout this scene. Lady Macbeth seems to keep her sentences short in this part of the scene as she thinks that Macbeth is starting to go insane.She says things such as Consider it not so deeply she doesnt want to confuse him furthur or wants him to feel any sense of guilt as this would blow her cover. Macbeth says I had most direct of blessing, and Amen Stuck in my throat He wont say a saintly word as hes gone against all of The divine rights of Kings which means he has also gone against God. The audience understands his guilt and feels however they know he did awry(p) and also went against his religion therefore its understandable that Macbeth should suffer with his guilt. Religion is shown at this point.Lady Macbeth takes notice of Macbeths condition and tries to make sense to him For example These whole kit and caboodle must not be thought, After these ways so, it will make us mad. She makes sure of herself and is assertive. The audience can see no signs of affliction or guilt with her whatsoever. The theme of nature and guilt are constantly repeat throughout this scene. Sleep no more Macbeth does murder sleep which suggests that people will be in fear that Macbeth is left loose. Sleep is natures way of healing a person and Macbeth cant get any as he went against all the rules of nature Sleep no more Macbeth shall sleep no more.Macbeth says I heard a voice cry. This suggests hes going insane as he begins to hear other voices in his head. The constant repetition of referal to nature and religion expresss his guilt and sorrowfulness He knows he did ill-use and repeating it reminds him of that. Macbeth feels confused and helpless as his insanity gets difficult to sight with. Lady Macbeth starts to take notice of Macbeths madness and tries to take control of it. Themes of guilt and regret are still carried on. Lady Macbeth tries to inforce her words on him, For example Infirm of pu rpose As if shes telling him to accept the facts and move on. Lady Macbeth still shows no signs of guilt or regret. She is frustrated and almost shouting at him, forcing him into believing the way she does. Her tone of voice and use of language is harsh which attacks Macbeths pride and swelled head as a man. She mentally manipulates him into thinking her way. Lady Macbeth takes control and is motivated by the need to not get caught and by the greed of power so then she can become the queen. The audience can once again see her manipulative side and feels sympathetic towards Macbeth.She tells Macbeth to hand her the daggers she makes Macbeth feel useless and bonny as a person, directly attacking his pride as a man. Macbeths madness continues to get worse. Lady Macbeth says My hands are of your colour but I shame To wear a heart so white She makes him feel that he done the same crime as her but shes perfectly fine but hes acting like a coward, she keeps attacking his pride so that sh e gets what she wants out of him. As during Shakespearean times, pride and honour meant a great deal of importance. Macbeth doesnt show any of this now.Becoming the queen is the most important motivation for her currently. Shes driven by her need and greed for power. Use of language is used to build tension, Shakespeare uses a hyperbole to express Macbeths guilt and the theme of regret. For example Will all great Neptunes ocean wash this ancestry clean from my hands? This tells me that Macbeth feels really guilty hes comparing what he did as big a deal as the whole ocean saying Macbeth would need an ocean so big for him to be forgiven or to wipe away the evidence of his crime and wash this crime, this blood off their hands.Also The multitudinous seas in incarnadine, making the green one red. This imagery of blood and red is repeated and exaggerated which then again links to guilt and the theme of blood. Short sentences and noise such as Knocking is used repeatedly to build up tens ion, the fear that anyone will find out keeps them anxious. Dramatic tension is created throughout this scene by the use of language, short sentences, hyperboles, repetition and imagery. This scene is an important one in the play as this is where we see a change in the characters and theres a twist in the story.This creates suspense and makes it unpredictable so the audience wants to know what will happen next and keep them interested and wanting more. Hyperboles emphasize the crucial themes in this scene like how Macbeth needs the oceans to describe his guilt and regret. Repetition makes the action continuous and seem important as its being repeated a several times and short sentences speed up the pace of which the actions happen at and help build up tension.

Cellular Adaptation

In cubicle biology and Pathophysiology, cellular adaptation refers to changes made by a cell in response to adverse environmental changes. 1 The adaptation whitethorn be physiologic(al) (normal) or pathologic(al) (abnormal). Five major types of adaptation include atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, dysplasia, and metaplasia. Atrophy is a reduce in cell size. If enough cells in an electric organ atrophy the entire organ will decrease in size. Thymus atrophy during early kind-hearted development (childhood) is an example of physiologic atrophy.Skeletal muscle atrophy is a common pathologic adaptation to skeletal muscle disuse (commonly called disuse atrophy). meander and organs especially susceptible to atrophy include skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, secondary sex organs, and the brain. Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size. If enough cells of an organ hypertrophy so will the whole organ. The heart and kidneys have increased susceptibility to hypertrophy. Hypertrophy involves a n increase in intracellular protein rather than cytosol (intracellular fluid).Hypertrophy may be caused by mechanical signals (e. g. , stretch) or trophic signals (e. g. , growth factors). An example of physiologic hypertrophy is in skeletal muscle with sustained weight aim exercise. An example of pathologic hypertrophy is in cardiac muscle as a result of hypertension. Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells. It is the result of increased cell mitosis, or division. The two types of physiologic hyperplasia are compensatory and hormonal. Compensatory hyperplasia permits tissue and organ regeneration.It is common in epithelial cells of the epidermis and intestine, liver hepatocytes, bone marrow cells, and fibroblasts. It occurs to a lesser extent in bone, cartilage, and smooth muscle cells. Hormonal hyperplasia occurs mainly in organs that depend on estrogen. For example, the estrogen-dependent uterine cells undergo hyperplasia and hypertrophy following pregnancy. morbid hy perplasia is an abnormal increase in cell division. A common pathologic hyperplasia in women occurs in the endometrium and is called endometriosis.Dysplasia refers generally to abnormal changes in cellular shape, size, and/or organization. Dysplasia is non considered a true adaptation rather, it is thought to be related to hyperplasia and is sometimes called atypical hyperplasia. Tissues prone to dysplasia include cervical and respiratory epithelia. Dysplasia often occurs in the vicinity of cancerous cells, and it may be involved in the development of breast cancer. Metaplasia occurs when a differentiated cell of a certain type is replaced by another(prenominal) cell type, which may be less differentiated.It is a reversible process thought to be caused by stem cell reprogramming. Stem cells are anchor in epithelia and embryonic mesenchyme of connective tissue. A prominent example of metaplasia involves the changes associated with the respiratory tract in response to inhalation o f irritants, such as smog or smoke. The bronchial cells convert from mucus-secreting, ciliated, columnar epithelium to non-ciliated, squamous epithelium incapable of secreting mucus. These transformed cells may become dysplasic or cancerous if the stimulus (e. g. , cigarette smoking) is not removed.

Peloponnesian War (Research Pap.)

DESTINED FOR WAR Jarod Bleibdrey, M. S. C. J January 20, 2013 As humans have evolved into vast, complex civilizations, a growing trend became notable to mankind, which was corruption. Speculating that Herodotus was the get-go true historian, and Thucydides was the second, then the Peloponnesian War would be the scratch line form of government corruption in which contend became inevitable. At this point, the war varies in intelligence of the twain great alliances, and why the war was even fought.This es give voice will demonstrate how the Peloponnesian War stood as a great example of how super motives compel thrust into battle with one an new(prenominal), based upon corruption, vast difference in lifestyles, and the urging from smaller entities. Focus will be on how both capital of Greece and Spartas political, social and diplomatic systems constrained them into battle, precisely the battles themselves are of little job in this essay. It was the behind the scenes events that c an best explain and summarize the war.With the focus on laying upon the causes of the war, it becomes important to remember that, what began as a great alliance, rancid into the devastation of Greece and allowed the conquest of Philip of Macedonia to commence. Let us begin with the culture of capital of Greece and Sparta, in an attempt to explain the vast contrast within the two city- severalizes. The life-threatenings were obsessed with their military machine superiority, while the Athenians were interested in comfort and culture. Granted, the Athenian Navy was the difficultest maritime pound of the age, but more on this when we get to corruption.The culture of capital of Greece and Sparta was different to their core e verything from political to daily living conflicted, causing them to become rivalrous and distrustful of for each one other. The Spartan government was a very complex structure, which consisted of a dual monarchy, a warrior assembly (apella), a council of elders (gerousia) and the ephors. Herodotus claims that the two royal families of Sparta, which consisted of the Agiadai and Eurypontidai families, dual-lane a common ancestry and could trace their lineage back to Herakles himself.Thus making the royal families by blood lines, which would be unable to be displaced, as impertinent to that of military power, which could be overthrown. The kings were limited in their power as they solo held command of the military. They had no influence in the laws which were left to the apella, gerousia and ephors. The apella was composed of every Spartan warrior who had reached the age of thirty. The apellas primary functions included electing members for the gerousia, and the ephors. The apella held the ultimate power on matters of legislation and policy.The manner in which they voted was through a process of acclamation. Above the apella was the gerousia, which consisted of the two kings and twenty-eight members of Spartan warriors who had reach ed the age of sixty. The members elected into the gerousia served a life term, and could only be removed by the ephors. The true nature of the gerousia is unk with forbidden delayn, but Herodotus wrote the gerousia could serve as a court to hear capital cases. The last political ashes of the Spartans and possibly the nigh important is that of the ephors. The five ephors were freely elected each category and attended much of the daily business of Sparta.Each month the kings and the ephors would exchange oaths, to which each pledged to up constitute the position of the other. The ephors were the true controlling body of the Spartans, and so resembled an oligarchy rule. It was this oligarchical rule of the ephors which insisted on the agoge, and placed Sparta into a militaristic focused city- tell. The government in Athens followed a very different lean than Sparta. Athenian citizens had the responsibility to vote or hold office. During the 6th century B. C. , Athens instituted a unique form of government in which the citizens had a direct say in the election of leaders.This early form of democracy was lead by Cleisthenes who created the Assembly, which comprised every citizen of Athens, and the Council of Five Hundred. This Council was comprised of fifty representatives from each of the Ten Tribes of Athens. This ensured each tribe had an equal say in the creation of laws and election of leaders. To ensure equality, the law was compulsive that each member of the fifty from one of the ten tribes must not be related, nor hold the same occupation as whatsoever other memberto ensure there was no nepotism or common vestment.The Council of five hundred equal the legislative body of Athens. The executive power was placed within the Strategus, in which 10 generals were elected into office for one year terms, of these 10 strategi, one was elected as leader of the group and served as commander in chief. The judicial power of Athens was placed with the Areopagus, or the Supreme Court. This body was make up, primarily, of wealthy orbit owners who had been elected as archons (judges) in the past. This legislative, executive and judicial branched government is reminiscing to all modern day democracies.The major deviation from modern times existence that Athens was a direct democracy, in which the citizens had to be present to vote. Each branch of the government was capable of vetoing one another, thus establishing a check and sense of equilibrium system. It was excessively customary to expel from the country, any speaker who became too powerful, in a process called ostracism. Every year the Council voted and one member would be ostracized (banished) for a period of ten years. Athens would vote by tossing colored rocks into a giant pot.This would be a very time consuming process as each topic would have orators speak on its behalf, and upon conclusion of the debate the voting would begin. The rocks were either white or black, where white sto od for approve and black represented a denial. When choosing a person to ostracize, broken shards of pottery called ostrakon would be used with the intended person of exile name, etched onto the shard. After all votes were made, the numbers of each were tallied and the victor/ostracized proclaimed. This would take a long time and thus the Athenians prided themselves upon their trueness and attention to detail.This could have lead modern historians to view the Spartans as impulsive, and the Athenians as cautious. This has been a major misconception, as evident by the speech given by King Archidamus of Sparta, in which the Spartan King asked the council to exercise reason and caution in the beginning declaring war upon Athens. In turn, Pericles himself urged the Athenians to war against a dominant land army. Another difference between the two great city-states was their daily living and how it affected the deal out in the two cities.The Athenian economy was heavily certified upon strange trade and because of their location on the Aegean Sea, maritime became life, and the sea meant life and livelihood. bandage trade was a necessity in Athens, Sparta relied upon their striver labor. The Helots (slaves) of Sparta were the driving force of Spartan agriculture, and allowed for Spartans excessive free time to translate into their dedication to the agoge. Since Sparta was cut off from the rest of Greece by two mountain ranges there was little trade being conducted, and thus alliances ere not a suitable strong point of Sparta. The Spartans rarely traveled from their city-state or allowed foreigners into it, thus making the only true vantage of joining Sparta, being that of their reputation in battle. With Sparta being an isolationist state, their perception would have been con grimacered truth and fact, no matter what was written of them. One of the greatest differences between the Athenian and the Spartans regarded their attitude towards women. The role of women i n the Grecian city states of Athens and Sparta sheds light upon the acceptable values of their time.Spartan women had similar equality to their male counterpart (except for voting rights). Spartan women did little housework or sewing, as they relied upon their slave labor to conduct the daily chores. Due to the men being in the military and often away from home, the women had full authority over their households and were not forced into a life of only childbearing and housekeeping. Since Spartan women demonstrated a greater authoritative influence, the nation thrived and became a beacon of advancement, which would truly be a closer resemblance to modern civilizations than Athens.When Athenian girls came of age, their fathers offered them for marriage. Even as wives, they were required to conciliate indoors at all times, and their primary life tasks were child rearing, housework, and sewing, thus giving them no possibility to con security to the Athenians development and culture. S parta was uneasy, perpetually concentrating on war and the state of Sparta as a whole, while the Athenians focused their attention on comfort and found time to foster great thinkers in science, philosophy, literatureetc.With their differences in government, physical surroundings and views on women, Sparta and Athens represented the two very different ways a polis could have been back in the twenty percent century of Ancient Greece, and thus set them-selves on a crash course for supreme dominance, but war and battle would hold a true value to the Greeks, and so it was battles which lead to great alliances and enemies. In 478 BC, following the defeat of Xerxes encroachment of Greece, Pausanias the Spartan led Hellenic forces against the Persians.He was an unpopular commander (who may have conspired with the Persians), and Sparta was eager to stop prosecuting the war. Sparta surrendered the leadership of the ongoing campaign to Athens, whom was eager to accept it. The Athenians forth with had their opportunity to take the reins and gain glory for themselves and Greece. The Delian League was inaugurated in 477 BC as an offensive and defensive alliance against Persia. The principal cities in the League were Athens, Chios, Samos, and Lesbos, but many of the principal islands and Ionian cities joined the partnership.Athens led the Delian League from the beginning, though at its founding the exchequer was located on the island of Delos, and each state in the league had an equal vote. The assessment due from each state was assigned by Aristides the Just, leader of the Athenians some members were assessed ships, others troops, others weapons, and others money. A council of all the cities met at Delos regularly, probably when obstetrical delivery their assessment to the island. The turning point of the Delian league occurred in 461 BC, when Cimon was ostracized, and was succeeded in his influence by democrats like Ephialtes and Pericles.This signaled a complete change in Athenian foreign policy, neglecting the alliance with the Spartans and instead allying with her enemies, Argos and Thessaly. Megara deserted the Peloponnesian league and allied herself with Athens, allowing construction of a double line of walls across the Isthmus of Corinth, protecting Athens from firing from that quarter. Around the same time they also constructed the Long Walls connecting their city to the Piraeus, its port, making it effectively invulnerable to attack by land.The Athenian dominance within the Delian league was unmatched and unquestioned this led to major changes within the Delian league and Athens. This progression and events will be discussed later within this essay. Reverting back, the Delian league was not the only alliance within Greece, as the Spartan lead Peloponnesian league also took root. In the second half of the 8th century B. C. , Sparta pommeled Messenia, a state in the southwest of the Peloponnese. The land was turned over to Spartans and the Messenians turned into helots.The Messenians revolted in the middle of the next century, but after 17 years, the Spartans prevailed. By the time the Spartans were struggle the Arcadian city of Tegea, in the 6th century her plans for the conquered citizens had changed. Tegea was made a dependent state obligated to furnish troops. Sparta soon created a confederacy of about of the other Peloponnesian states according them a similar arrangement Sparta was in charge (known as the hegemon) and they would supply troops. Each had its own treaty and sent deputies to suspensor in decision-making.This became known as the Peloponnesian League. Unlike that of the Delian League, the Peloponnesian league has no official start date, as each treaty was collected and authorize over time and in that time the tag name of Peloponnesian league was given. This league was formed in recognition of Spartas dominance and no misconceptions of that were ever given. Each city-state that joined recognized Sp artas military power as better than their own, and utilized the Peloponnesian League as a body guard against other city-states looking to invade them.Under the protection of the Spartans, their assort enjoyed a voice when they would have been forced to remain silent. Unlike Athens, the Spartans did not make their allies pay any tribute, but they did ensure they were governed by oligarchies (who would work in the interest of the Spartans). It is important to note Argolis and Achaea were excluded from this league. Argos and Sparta had been at odds over the grunge of Thyreatis. Their first battle had proved to be inconclusive, as the story goes, all but one on the Spartan side and two on the Argive side were killed.The Argives claimed the victory because more survived, and went back home. The Spartan stayed on the spot and therefore claimed he was the victor. The next time the two sides fought, the Argives clearly lost and forfeited the territory to Sparta. With two powerful allianc es within Greece, one would conclude that war would have been inevitable however, Sparta did not want to advance into war with Athens. Athens did not proclivity to advance into war with Sparta, but the corruption of Athens created a chain of events which spawned the forthcoming war.Thucydides expresses the cause of the Peloponnesian war to be that of Spartas jealousy and concern in Athens growing power. This is stated in Book 1 verse 23, when Thucydides states, But the real reason for the war is, in my opinion, most possible to be disguised by such an argument. What made war inevitable was the growth of Athenian power and the fear which this caused in Sparta. This view point is, in my opinion, very closed minded to the whole. The history of the Delian league leads to a better perspective in that the Delian League, particularly the Athenians, were willing to force cities to join or stay in the League.As an example to this, let us examine Carystus, a city on the southern tip of Eub oea, who was forced to join the League by military force of the Athenians. The justification for this was that Carystus was enjoying the advantages of the League (protection from pirates and the Persians) without taking on any of the responsibilities. Furthermore, Carystus was a traditional base for Persian occupations. The Athenian politicians had to justify these acts to Athenian voters in vow to get votes, and so they utilized oration to sway the public vantage of the situation.Next is Naxos, a member of the Delian League, which try to secede, and was enslaved Naxos is believed to have been forced to tear down her walls, lost her fleet, and her vote in the Delian League. Thucydides tells us that this is how Athens control over the League grew. Of all the causes of defection that connected with arrears of tribute and vessels, and with failure of service, was the chief for the Athenians were very severe and exacting, and made themselves offensive by applying the screw of necessity to men who were not used to and in fact not disposed for any continuous labor.In some other respects the Athenians were not the old popular rulers they had been at first and if they had more than their fair share of service, it was correspondingly easy for them to reduce any that tried to quit the confederacy. The Athenians also arranged for the other members of the league to pay its share of the expense in money instead of in ships and men, and for this the subject city-states had themselves to blame, their wish to get out of giving service making most leave their homes.Thus while Athens was increasing her navy with the funds they contributed, a revolt always found itself without equal resources or experienced leaders for war. -Thucydides At this point it is important to note that Thucydides is an Athenian General, and even though he offers a large writing to state he will approach his historical account with eyewitness testimony and scientific based methodhe is bound to bias. Even the name most commonly known as the Peloponnesian War is biased upon the Athenian view point. In Spartan record, the war is referred to as the Athenian War.In ancient Greek writings the name of a battle is given to the opposing side, as to infer the enemy started the confrontation and modern translation is inclined to demonstrate this. If at this point one is resistant to this view point, I offer Thucydides own words when commenting on why Athens became the dictator of the Delian League, We have done zipper surprising, nothing contrary to human nature, if we accepted leadership when it was offered and are now unwilling to give it up. -Thucydides With Thucydides now shown as biased record, the observation of what truly caused the Peloponnesian/Athenian war is to come to light.Athens and Sparta were the superpowers of ancient Greece, with only Corinth possessing the ability to be of notable mention in matching these powers. In 454 BC, Athens moved the treasury of the Delian Lea gue from Delos to Athens, allegedly to keep it safe from Persia. However, Plutarch indicates that many of Pericles rivals viewed the transfer as Athens way to utilize the leagues monetary resources to fund elaborate building projects. They also switched from accepting ships, men and weapons, to only accepting money. The new treasury established in Athens was used for many purposes, not all relating to the defense of members of the league.It was from tribute paid to the league that Athenians built the Acropolis and the Parthenon, as well as many other non-defense related expenditures. It was during this time, Donald Kagan expresses, and the Athenian pudding stone arose, as the technical definition of conglomerate is a group of cities paying taxes to a central, dominant city, while keeping local governments intact. This is what began to occur within the Delian League. It was turning from an alliance to an empireagainst the wishes of the league. With Athens now being the most powerfu l of the Delian league, the smaller city-states were obliged to remainor join Sparta.The smaller city-states are, in my opinion, the true cause of the Peloponnesian War, as they began to resound from an alliance with Athens to Sparta and vice versa. If Athens and Sparta are to be viewed as two boulders, connected by a single chain (which represents the smaller city states), as the chain pulls from one to the otherthe boulders become destined to collide. This situation is reminiscing to England v. France, U. S. A. v. Russia (Cold War) and multiple other wars since the Peloponnesian War. Both sides had many opportunities for slightness to take effect, and the outcomes pushed force into the only method of resolution.Diplomacy in Sparta consisted of the allies of the Peloponnese to take up the forum and express their grievances. Corinth laid the foundation and even though the Spartan king attempted to refrain from entering into a war with Athens, the council voted to declare war upon Athens for their many violations of the peace treaty. With that, an ultimatum was sent to Athens The Spartan assembly decreed that Athens should abandon the siege of Potidaea and should give Aegina her independence, but the chief point was that war could be avoided if Athens would revoke the Megarian decree which excluded the Megarians from all ports n the Athenian Empire and from the market in Attica itself. The Athenians focused upon the latter of the demands, (seeing as they would not yield to the first), and in this Pericles gives a riveting speech to the assembly stating that giving in to any of Spartas demands would be an act of submissiveness and that would, in turn, lead to Sparta dictating further Athenian actions. The council voted for war and thus the Athenian war began. This was the final attempt at diplomacy before the two juggernauts squared off against each other.Diplomacy, to this point, has kept the giants in their respective corners, but the inferior city-states pu shed them into battle. The Spartans knew of their inferiorities on the ocean, and of their perpetual tether to their homelandand in so, they were limited. The Athenians relied upon their superior numbers, finances, navy and arrogance to see them through as victors. On paper the battle was desperately in the Athenians favor, but Sparta was breed for war, and Athens had turned friends into enemies. Finally, it is important to remember Athens set out with great intention, as the Delian League was a symbol of unity and cohesive teamwork.With that great power, Athens became dependent upon the tributes and became a superpower of monumental stature. Athens then began punishing any of those that wished or attempted to defect from the Delian league. It is now apparent why the Delian league is like with the Athenian Empire, and proof that power leads to corruption. About now, one remembers that Sparta won this conflict, (with the aid of the Persians), and became the supreme ruler of all Gree ce. True to the Peloponnesian league, Sparta instituted an oligarchy within the borders of Athens, and that lasted for thirty years.It was not corruption that led to the fall of the Athenian oligarchy it was the people and their customization to democracy. The oligarchy was overthrown and democracy was instilled back into the polis. This demonstrates that not all subjective groups with power will abuse it, but when power is free to be graspedbeware. The story continues to demonstrate how Athens and Sparta were so devastated by fighting each other, that Philip of Macedonia was able to sweep in and conquer all of Greece. This set up the perfect opportunity for Alexander the Great, (Philips son) to conquer the known world and spread the greatness of Greece to all corners.Without the Peloponnesian War, Philip would probably not been able to conquer and the Hellenistic theology would have been confined. When viewing epic battles between the boulders of humanity, it is essential to rememb er the outcome is necessary for the future line of events to occur. BIBLIOGRAPHY * Donald Kagan, 2003, The Peloponesian War, newspaper Penguin Group (U. S. A) * Thucydides, level of the Peloponnesian War, trans. Rex Warner (London Penguin Group Publishing, 1972) * Aristotle, Xenophon, Aristotle and Xenophon on Democracy and Oligarchy, trans.J. M. Moore (Berkeley California University of California Press, 1975) * Paul Cartledge, 2002, The Spartans, Publisher Vintage Publishing (New York) * Nic Fields, 2007, Thermopylae 480 BC Last Stand of the 300, Publisher Osprey Publishing (Oxford UK) * Karolos Papoulias, 2006, Athens-Sparta, Publisher Alexander S. Onassis Public Benefit Foundation (U. S. A. ) * D. M. Macdowell, 1986, Spartan Law, Publisher Penguin Group (Edinburgh Scot. ) * C. A. Hignett, 1952, narration of the Athenian opus to the end of the fifth century B. C. Publisher University of Oxford press (Oxford) * Yannis Lolos, 2006, The history of Athens from the eighth to the la te fifth century B. C. , Publisher Alexander S. Onassis Public Benefit Foundation (U. S. A) * Herodotus, The Histories,ed. rear Marincola, trans. Aubrey De Selincourt (London Penguin Group publishing, 2003) 1 . Herodotus, The Histories,ed. John Marincola, trans. Aubrey De Selincourt (London Penguin Group publishing, 2003) indite 6. 52 2 . Herodotus, The Histories,ed. John Marincola, trans. Aubrey De Selincourt (London Penguin Group publishing, 2003) Verse 5. 6-60 3 . Herodotus, The Histories,ed. John Marincola, trans. Aubrey De Selincourt (London Penguin Group publishing, 2003) Verse 5. 40 4 . Aristotle, Xenophon, Aristotle and Xenophon on Democracy and Oligarchy, trans. J. M. Moore (Berkeley California University of California Press, 1975) Verse 15. 7 of Xenophon The Politeia of the Spartans 5 . Aristotle, Xenophon, Aristotle and Xenophon on Democracy and Oligarchy, trans. J. M. Moore (Berkeley California University of California Press, 1975) taken from Aristotles The Const itution of Athens 6 . Aristotle, Xenophon, Aristotle and Xenophon on Democracy and Oligarchy, trans.J. M. Moore (Berkeley California University of California Press, 1975) taken from Aristotles The Constitution of Athens 7 . Thucydides, storey of the Peloponnesian War, trans. Rex Warner (London Penguin Group Publishing, 1972) Verse 1. 79-85 8 . Herodotus hints to this, but quickly states the facts are not there for condemning 9 . Kagan, 2003, The Peloponnesian War, Published by Penguin Group (U. S. A. ) 10 . Lolos, The history of Athens from the eighth to the late fifth century B. C. , 2006, Publisher Alexander S. Onassis Public Benefit Foundation (U. S. A) 11 .Hegemon utilized by Thucydides to describe this relationship 12 . Cartledge, The Spartans, 2003, Publisher Vintage Books (U. S. A) 13 . Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, trans. Rex Warner (London Penguin Group Publishing, 1972) Verse 1. 19 14 . Fields, Thermopylae 480 B. C. , 2007, Publisher Osprey Publis hing (U. S. A) 15 . Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, trans. Rex Warner (London Penguin Group Publishing, 1972) Verse 1. 23 16 . Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, trans. Rex Warner (London Penguin Group Publishing, 1972) Verse 1. 99 17 .Cartledge, The Spartans, 2003, Publisher Vintage Books (U. S. A) pg. 181 18 . Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, trans. Rex Warner (London Penguin Group Publishing, 1972) Verse 1. 76 19 . Kagan, 2003, The Peloponnesian War, Published by Penguin Group (U. S. A. ) 20 . Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, trans. Rex Warner (London Penguin Group Publishing, 1972) Verse 1. 39 21 . I utilize the term Athenian war, because it was the Athenians who ultimately decided to engage in battle, as the Spartans were trying to appease their allies and avoid war as well.

Home Depot Business Proposal Essay

Bernie Marcus and Arthur Blank founded bag warehousing Corp in 1978 (The office terminal figure, 2013). The vexation framed strategic product analysis providing an assortment of items to consumers. From the beginning, workers get hold of been able to deliver superior client satisfaction in the business, helping consumers with jobs such as handling power tools, changing out parts on appliances, laying tile, etc. The fundament Depot employees any underwent arduous training to familiarize to each one employee with products. In addition, the business began hosting whole shebanghops to teach consumers on how to do things themselves. dental plate Depot progressed into a globally known hardware retailer that has an inventory consisting of up to 40,000 various types of constructing and stead improvement materials, supplies, alfresco, lawn and garden equipment, appliances, and more than than 250,000 other items that asshole be acquired through special order online or in store (The Home Depot, 2013). Home Depot offers extensive dedication to formu ripeing every author in the creating an operational free-enterprise(a) advantage in addition to managing logistics surrounded by the release chain. An impenetrable basis surrounded by the symbol of property improvement creates the opportunities impact and generates properties on obtaining policies, strategies and measures, which are recognized in Home Depots procurement technique.VariablesDepending on the number of sellers in any virtuoso industry, the differentiation of products and the barriers to entry, a marketplace structure could be an oligopoly, monopoly, perfect competition, or a monopolistic competition. The hurt elasticity of demand ranges from relatively low in a monopolistic market to very risque in a perfectly competitive market. The higher the price elasticity of demand, the more a allowance in cost will affect demand forproduct. The Home Depot asserts various domestic and international n odes, ranking as the fourth leading home improvement merchant in the U.S. and fifth biggest in the world. Home Depot customers range from in-house associates to impertinent novice homeowners to industrious commercial contractors. The Home Depot works closely with suppliers to ensure customer satisfaction globally, and domestically.The program is aimed to backup and heighten the wait on summons for The Home Depot stores, deliver efficiencies to our Suppliers, enhance accountability, efficiency and effectiveness, ensuring a superior shopping experience to The Home Depot customers (The Home Depot, 2013). The business in addition offers a well- practiceed Internet site that emphasizes supplier collaboration. The New Supplier tool case designs create successful partnerships without complicated rerouting and puzzling forms. The material of Home Depot customers differ from needing insecticides to attaining enough drywall supplied to complete the inside of an entire home. The Home Depot also offers an innovative easy to use Internet site that highlights supplier teamwork. Even pricing and SKU number changes have clear procedures to follow ensuring The Home Depot and its partners interconnect. feel up products is as easy as ever by simply entering the SKU number and selecting from a pictured list of products matching that number.Revenue and bring in MaximizationUnderstanding what the customer perceives as value is important. A company like Home Depot needs to review its serve ups to maintain and develop a customer plinth. Adjustments in trends in the market because of economic factors or to the point that they current established practice of services does not meet the customers demands. The domestic outlook of expectations on procurement policies and procedures explains Home Depots Annual report. At one time, Home Depot set up design centers for kitchens and baths. These design centers are set as a service to the customer who would have embed Home Depot product s into the designs of each customers home. Home Depot has altered its procurement strategies and purchasing measures. The business set up design examples of kitchen and bathroom designs. These design examples are set as a design service and example to the consumers who install Home Depot product in the plans of his or her home remodel, renovation, or design.This strategy did not increase the production at eachstore, as many consumers would take ideas from the example designs completed at the Home Depot and acquire similar merchandise from other stores like the Internet or other home improvement retailers. The procurement policy has changed to include higher product lines like Thomasville furniture and RIDGID tools known high-end items in the furniture and professional strike out tools industry. In addition, Home Depot has collaborated with Martha Stewart Living offering a select brand of home improvement merchandise in certain types like paint, outdoor living, and home governing body merchandise from Martha Stewart Living (Home Depot, 2013).By modifying strategies from internal industries such as example design stations that drive merchandise, the emphasis should be retaining the consumer through purchasing Home Depots products and guaranteeing that products remain available. Home Depot has changed their strategy and policy of purchasing to reflect the changes in the domestic market. Given is an proceeds to raise demand for a service, fluctuating the demand curve to the right. By adding features to the provision or constructing it quicker or more dependable, Home Depot seat lessen production outlays, shifting the supply curve to the right.Marginal FactorsIt is important to understand what patterns arise from the local markets when operating from a global perspective. Sourcing local markets is a serious link a company like Home Depot can establish. Setting a strategy for domestic sourcing creates a rooted market existence. From a global outlook, Home Depot preserves a global sourcing merchandise program. Home Depot maintains a global tracking merchandise selective informationbase to acknowledgment superior products straight from manufacturers all over the world (The Home Depot, 2013). Their merchant team recognizes and buys high demand advanced products directly for its various store locations. Moreover, Home Depot has sourcing headquarters located in China, India, Italy, Mexico, and Canada (The Home Depot, 2013).Revenue is maximized when Marginal Revenue equals Marginal Cost. To use it, a business needs to know how a great deal it costs to produce one more unit of a service. By setting this global sourcing strategy, the anticipation for Home Depot is that it will understand what sells in a domestic market and sourcing from that specific area. Local connections and pricing will support Home Depots objective of global increase since the consumer base willrecognize local merchandise lines and supplies. A local area network can unders tand specific needs of that area. For example if a country like India has monsoon rains and winds the local office in India can understand the trends and seasons. Home Depot has developed these regional offices to understand the flow of goods to support its local customer base (The Home Depot, 2013). Moreover, having recognition in the local area can also respond to difficulties for that area.PricingHome Depots procurement process summaries the businesss supplier facts inside the reference manual. This manual offers definite data to guarantee effective collaboration and partnerships. The ordering cycle for Home Depots consists of electronic data exchange needs, delivery statistics, buying order approaches, store environment settings, engineering superiority, customs residence, and shipping restraints.Figure 1 The Home Depot Ordering Cycle DiagramDistribution statistics include product and packaging characteristics, freight requirements, and product flows (Amadeo, 2014). The Home D epot outlines distribution necessities to limit misperception and quandaries upon entrance. The data describes where product distributions should be contingent on point of foundation, creation, and final distribution.The final requirements of The Home Depot supplier reference manual include customs compliance and transportation. The Home Depot outlines how suppliers need to handle international imports or exports, from having the appropriate documentation to sufficient packaging and security. Home Depot summarizes how suppliers must handle world-wide imports or exports, from having the correct documentation to adequate packaging and security. Pricing strategies involve movement along the demand curve (Amadeo, 2014). In a marketplace with high price elasticity of demand, like a monopolistic competitive market, a small decrease in cost will have a huge influence on demand (Amadeo, 2014). Non-pricing strategies shifting the demand curve to the right include TV advertisements. This is a joint strategy in markets with low price elasticity of demand, such as oligopolies. Selecting a mixture of strategies having the greatest effect on demand in the businesss industrymay be best.Barriers and the ServicePatents or lobbying for increased industry regulation, or making service expensive while entering the industry by selling a service that requires specialized tools in a workforce like Home Depot is a definite barrier entry. Money back guarantee is another excerption for dissatisfied service or products within product and service differentiation. Labor cost is reduced by capital.OperatingHome Depots organization demands for the uppermost levels of merchandise excellence, modernization, obtainability, on-time delivery, security in fabrication and delivery, compliance with regulations and codes of conduct, and compassion to product reputation (The Home Depot, 2013). This is a major influence to the procurement strategy, policies, and procedures. The supply chain streaml ines many global and domestic opportunities, product and service outsourcing and is a cognizant to personnel support. The selection of products, analyzing, sourcing approaches, freight and import cost, export, shipping, import details, contracts information and processes prolong potential business movement controlled by procurement decisions and influences of policies.Some enforce policies and potentially bring forth benefit, or substantial reasons for internal and external sourcing strategies to create innovative advantage in organizations procedures and decides building and buying solutions. Home Depot faces challenges to unify and coordinate our operations and supply chain from customer to supplier. Challenges involve bring down inventory levels, improving communication between trading partners and changing customer demands, reducing the time from order to arrival of a product, and reducing cost.Contractor gross sales/Comparative AdvantageTransactions in all Home Depot stores continues to rise. This is a strong indication that homeowners simply can invest more into maintenance and home improvement projects. Usually, contractor sales, which account for a significant percent of Home Depots business, continue to fall short. Competition for contractor business is aggressive. Top contenders in this market, like Lowes, has attuned their strategies to allow local storemanagers to deliver contractor markdowns without corporate consent.Projected OutcomeExpanding e-commerce services with Home Depot provides customers great access to the products and services deepening the guarantee to improve every resource to generate an effective competitive gain. A solid foundation in the elaboration to include contractor sales, web-based imaging solution software, and the Home Depot Foundation community outreach program would benefit the company immensely. Home Depot understands their greatest competitive advantage originates within the organization through the Home Depot as sociates. By removing department silos and creating cross-functional areas within the organization the associates at Home Depot work together to improving the business through creative innovative ways to improve customer service.RecommendationsHome Depots supply chain value, management, vision or goals and development priorities should focus upon particular objectives in the next 2-year period. Home Depots strength to the projected supply chain strategy is the use of e-business and e-commerce processes that enables all information available to the supply chain. Home Depots weakness is within the launch of super store concepts ability to suffer postponement. Adding feature late in the process to make products and services grand from data obtained after more accurate or detailed research. Home Depot is creating a tactical decision support tool to assist in managing new projects in addition to the supply chain changes for nonprofit organizations to rebuild homes and contracts for reta iled products. Home Depots demanding forecast is about control, improvement and deviating through customer demands not supply chain inventory management issues. Most important as technology becomes more innovative, IT strings business technology.ConclusionHome Depots business demands for the utmost levels of merchandise excellence, revolution, obtainability, timely shipping, protection in fabrication and delivery, compliance with rules and regulations, and dread of brand and its reputation is a major impact to the customer service strategy and improvement to merchandise, policies, and techniques.The supply chain modernizes many global and domestic occasions, merchandise and service outsourcing and is a familiarity to worker support.The variety of merchandise, examining, sourcing methods, merchandise and import price, distribute, delivery, import information, contracts statistics, and procedures broaden probable business measures controlled by procurement decisions and influences of policies. The affiliation with many convey and federal laws restricts and offer different business treatment and regulations. Some impose policies and theoretically bring forth profit or considerable motives for internal and external sourcing strategies to generate state-of-the-art influence in organizational processes and chooses building and buying solutions.ReferencesKimberly Amadeo. (2014). What Is the Business Cycle? Retrieved from http//useconomy.about.com/od/glossary/g/business_cycle.htm The Home Depot. (2013). Welcome to the Home Depot. Retrieved from https//corporate.homedepot.com/Pages/default.aspx

Multiculturalism in Children’s Writing in the US in the 1980s

IntroductionThis taste will firstly give an overview of the history of multiethnical childrens belles-lettres. Secondly, it will map out refer theories and debates surrounding multicultural childrens scripts in the United States. Thirdly the es place will poll devil criminal records set within the Israeli-Palestinian deviation that were published in the United States in the late eighties The Flag B eitheroon and Israel Is. The essay will analyse if and how multiculturalism is presented in the text and the prototypes and identify how the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is certain in the concords. apiece analysis will to a fault assess whether the multiculturalism in the text and the images calculates obligate or natural. The analysis of all(prenominal) book will also briefly assess whether the multiculturalism is natural or imposed in the edict at the time from each maven book was published.THE HISTORY OF MULTICUTURALISM IN CHILDRENS publicationsAccording to Gopalakr ishnan (2010), thither is limited evidence and much debate as to when multicultural childrens literature began. For modeling, certain theorists argue that multicultural literature predates the 20th century (Norton and Norton 2003 Sims Bishop 2007). Regardless of when multicultural childrens piece was created, most theorists agree that before 1965, the material body of multicultural childrens books was limited (Gopalakrishnan 2010). The year 1965 is depict as the turning point for multicultural literature when a widely published article entitled The al adept White World of Childrens Books (Larrick 1965) sparked a flurry of activity in the years following it. In the article, Larrick (1965) describes a survey she conducted, where she found that of 5206 books published in 1962, 1963 and 1964, nonwithstanding 349 or 6.7% included Afri squeeze out American characters in their text or illustrations.After this article was published, two significant groups formed the Council on racia l Books for Children (in 1965/1966) and the Coretta Scott King Award, established for authors and illustrators of African American and Black descent in 1972 (Gopalakrishnan 2010). After the formation of these groups, another(prenominal) study similar to that of Larrick (1965) was conducted in 1979 by Jeanne Chall and her colleagues. In this survey Chall found that there was over an nonpareil C% increase in the number of childrens books that featured an African American character (14.4% of all childrens multicultural literature in the United States) (Cohen and Cowen 2008).According to Cohen and Cowan (2008) in the late 1980s and early nineties multicultural childrens publishing experienced a spurt. Almost all major publishers increased their multicultural book lists and the number of smaller publishers specialising in multicultural books increased. This increase was collect to sensitivity and growing aw atomic number 18ness on the publishers part and also the need to purchase th ese books as the school demographics and requirements changed.Since multicultural childrens books now form a more(prenominal) than significant part of the literary landscape, the subject has attracted a number of theorists and scholars who surrender developed their proclaim theories surrounding childrens multicultural literature Banks and Banks (2001). Although theorists of multicultural childrens literature attempt to theorise and analyse a myriad of topics surrounding the subject of multicultural childrens literature, virtuoso of the main theoretical debates surrounds the question, what defines multicultural childrens literature?There be common chord theoretical approaches surrounding the definition of multicultural literature. The first approach is the all inclusive approach. Advocates of this approach argue that all literature should be defined as multicultural since, in their opinion, e real human being is multicultural and each individual may describe their identity in a variety of ways (Shannon 1994 Schwartz 1995 fisherman 1995).The second approach is the multiple + culture approach. This approaches argues that multicultural childrens writing is defined as books that argon simply round more than wiz culture in a fellowship regardless of who is the sovereign group and who is the dominated (Cai 1998). Bloors (2010) definition of multiculturalism expands one step further from the multiple + cultures definition and describes a multicultural ships company as not one where multiple cultures merely exist, but one where innovation is aroused and the mosaic of cultures is celebrated and assistd.The third approach is the exclusive approach. This approach is one where the theorists believe that childrens multicultural literature should only be defined as literature that is about populations that have experienced marginalisation and oppression. Some proponents of this approach state that multicultural childrens literature should only be defined as literature by and/or about quite a little of deform since this form of literature gives people of colour the opportunity to have a voice. (Lindgren 1991 Harris as cited in Cai, 2002).In addition to the different approaches to defining multicultural childrens literature, Sims Bishop has provided us with a theoretical classification of multicultural books. Sims Bishop (1982, 2007) divides multicultural childrens literature into three sub groups melting forage literature, socially conscious literature and culturally conscious literature. Melting pot books are characterised by those where aside from skin colour or a cultural definition, the story could defend to any character in the United States (Gopalakrishnan 2010). The second sub group of childrens multicultural literature is categorised as socially conscious books. According to Sims Bishop (2007), socially conscious books introduce one cultural group and its unique experiences to the mainstream to make socially conscious or to educate the larger group about the trials and tribulations of a unique cultural group. The main purpose of socially conscious books is to engender empathy and sympathy and to promote tolerance for racial desegregation or integration (Sims Bishop 2007 61). Thirdly, culturally conscious books, according to Sims Bishop (1982), are those that key out the languages and cultural traditions of a groups experiences most often from an insiders perspective.The working definition of multiculturalism in this essay will be the second approach, the multiple + culture definition where there is more than one culture in a society regardless of who is the dominant group and the dominated. The analysis will also explore whether the books expand to Bloors (2010) version of multiculturalism where the mosaic of culture is encouraged and celebrated. While analysing how multiculturalism is presented in each book, Sims Bishop (1982, 2007) classification of multicultural childrens literature may be applied to the analysis.THE FLAG BALLOONHOW IS MULTICULTURALISM PRESENTED IN THE textual matter AND THE IMAGES OF THE FLAG BALLOONmulticulturalism is exhibit immediately on the see of this book and in the second line of text. The cover of the book has been illustrated in the act upon of the Palestinian flag. Flags are a means of representing an identity, and there can only be an identity if there is an other (Berreby 2008). Although flags tend be representative of a demesne, state or nation, the second line of text in the book tells us that this flag is certainly not for a country. The narrator asserts I have a flag but no country (Stickles and Townsley 1988 7). The narrator continues to say the passs who occupy my town and make all the laws say it is wrong to fly my flag (Stickles and Townsley 1988 7). From this text we can deduce that these are a group of people who are a part of a country where their culture, customs and even identity may not be accepted. Nonetheless, this text cle arly demonstrates that this a society in which the law makers have different ideological beliefs to those representing the cultural minority. In summary, using Cais (1998) definition of multiculturalism, multiple cultures life story in one society, the cover foliate and first page of text depicts a multicultural, albeit uncomfortable society.Multiculturalism is further demonstrated in the text, while simultaneously informing the commentator about the Israeli-Palestinian. For example, the receive of the narrator says he is making bread for the family whose house was destroyed by the soldiers (Stickles and Townsley 1988 11). We are informed that the soldiers keep out down the school (Stickles and Townsley 1988 15) and the narrators brother is beaten up by soldiers (Stickles and Townsley 1988 15). The text is educating the ratifier about the trials and difficulties experienced by the Palestinians in the town. This is a clear example of Sims Bishops (1982, 2007) sub fellowship of socially conscious, multicultural, childrens literature where the ratifier is informed of the trials and tribulations of the community (Gopalakrishnan 2010).The images of flag day further underline the difficulties faced by the Palestinians and encourages the reader to feel empathy and sympathy for their situation. This is a further demonstration that this book is an example of socially conscious multicultural literature. There are three images depicting how happy, joyful and cheerful the Palestinians are on flag day. kickoffly, on page 23, in the square where the festivities of flag day are due to take place, each person has a smile on their face. Secondly, on page 25 there are six Palestinian men playing a series of instruments while playing the instruments they have smiles on their faces. Thirdly, page 25 depicts five people holding Palestinian flags and smiling (Stickles and Townsley 1988).These images are crafty contrasts to the next three images, which depict the arrival and the after-effects of the opposing force. Firstly, on the image on page 26 we see three angry looking men with rifles in a car. The text informs us that these are the soldiers. Secondly, on page 27 are five soldiers carrying guns. Finally, on page 29 the image shows us the square where the festivities were taking place. All the decorations have been destroyed. In this image we see the ultimate clash of the two cultures, who live together in one society. Although inharmonious, this image demonstrates two groups living in one society (Stickles and Townsley 1988). These images fit the multiple + culture definition (Cai 1998), where two cultures live together within one society regardless of who is dominating and who is dominated.The dichotomy is emphasised further when we see the narrator of the book release her surge bearing the Palestinian flag into the air. This image is followed by an image of a soldier attempting to shoot the blow up down. The penultimate image speaks volum es regarding the dichotomy betwixt Israel and Palestine. The image shows four Palestinian children cheering, with a look of enjoyment on their faces that the balloon bearing the Palestinian flag is temporary free. In contrast to this, the Israeli soldier is looking towards the balloon, holding his gun and frowning. The final image shows the balloon bearing the Palestinian flag flying high above the land (Stickles and Townsley 1988).In summary, multiculturalism is depicted throughout the text and images in the book even so the multiculturalism found in this book is characterised by the prefatory definition of multiculturalism, that is multiple cultures living in one society (Cai 1998). The book does not expand to Bloors (2010) version of multiculturalism where the mosaic of cultures is celebrated in the society. Although, the book demonstrates the most basic definition of multiculturalism, the book does fit into Sims Bishops (2007) category of social and cultural consciousness, where we experience about the Israel and Palestinian conflict from one cultural perspective and where the reader is encouraged to empathise and realise with the narrator, her family and the towns people.. In essence this book does demonstrate a multicultural society at its most basic level and the book does inform us, albeit from only one perspective of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict The book is effective in conveying multiple cultures living in one society since throughout the book the contrast can be seen between the Palestinians and the Israeli soldiers.DOES THE MULTICULTURALISM PRESENTED IN THE BOOK SEEM IMPOSED OR NATURALThe interpretation of the book by the reader is highly subjective (as demonstrated by a variety of reader-response theorists (Rosenblatt 1978 Bleich 1978) and to a large extent, the answer to this question depends on a variety of factors including the ideological beliefs of the reader and the knowledge and experiences of the reader. For these reasons, it is problematic to prescribe whether or not the multiculturalism in the text and illustrations is imposed or natural. Each reader will interpret this differently.It may be safer to look at the text and illustrations from two angles. iodine may argue that the images and the text of the book is imposed, forced and abnormal. After all, it is clear from the text and images as described in the examples that the Israeli soldiers do not want the Palestinians to raise the Palestinian Flag and the Palestinians do not want their territory to be occupied by the Israeli soldiers, implying that the multiculturalism is forced, supernatural and unwanted.On the other hand, one might argue that the multiculturalism presented in the text and images is natural and that regardless of the reasons behind these cultures living side by side, twain groups live in the same society regardless of who is dominating and who is dominated. This argument would insist that if the reader ignores reasons or circumst ance, multiculturalism is natural in the text and images.At the time the book was written, the world was protesting against the treatment of the Palestinians including people in the United States (Neff 1997), thus to these people the multiculturalism would go forthed imposed. In fact, regardless of governmental affiliation it is doubtful that one would describe the society as a natural multicultural one since the multiculturalism was a result of war.ISRAEL ISHOW IS MULTICULTURALISM PRESENTED IN THE TEXT AND IMAGES IN ISRAEL ISFrom the cover page of this book, we see a striking image of multiculturalism. Three children appear to be on a Muslim prayer rug (Encyclopaedia Britannica 2008) hovering above Jerusalem. The boy is wear a Kippah Observant Judaic men keep their heads covered by wearing a skull cap (Kippah) (Board of deputies of British Jews 2006)) indicating that he is Jewish. The second child on the prayer rug has dense braided hair in pigtails. While there is no confirma tion on the cover, this girl may be Palestinian. Interestingly both the Jewish boy and the girl who may be Palestinian have taken their shoes off, indicating that the Jewish boy is showing respect for the Muslim prayer rug (Encyclopaedia Britannica 2008). There is another girl who is kneel on the prayer rug. She has her shoes on, however her shoes are not on the prayer rug. once more could she be showing respect for the other culturesThe prayer rug is hovering in the air and in the footing are scene depicts Jerusalem. We see the Dome of the Rock which is known to be symbolic to the Jewish, Muslim and Christian faiths (Petersen 1994). In summary, the cover page surely demonstrates multiculturalism in Israel as we have three children from different cultures together on the prayer rug. This represents three cultures in one society (multiple + cultures) (Cai 1998). The image described is significant as it represents harmony between cultures when at the time (late 1980s), there were ho stilities between Israelis and Palestinians (Neff 1997).The second page most by all odds represents a society of multiple cultures living harmoniously together. In this illustration there a number of images that demonstrate multiculturalism. Firstly there is a Jewish woman, identified by the fact that she is wearing a Tichel Observant orthodox married women cover their hair in public (Board of Deputies of British Jews 2006). Interestingly, she is purchasing or so products from a woman that is dressed in the colours of the Palestinian flag black, green and red. In the background knowledge there is a man wearing a Kippah but also wearing non- traditional clothes. He may represent a more liberal approach to Judaism. He and his wife (who is not wearing Tichel) are purchasing items from a man wearing traditional Arab attire. In this scene people who seem to interacting with each other are smiling with one another indicating peaceful, harmonious relations between each culture (Topek a nd Kahn 1988). Not only do these images depict multiple cultures living together in one society, the images are also congruent with Bloors (2010) definition of multiculturalism, where the mosaic is celebrated.One interesting scene demonstrating multiculturalism and the likeness between Palestine and Israel is the scene on page 6, which contains the text big far-offms (Topek and Kahn 1988 6). The farm appears to a Kibbutz demonstrated by the houses towards the left hand side of the page. What is interesting is that although this a Jewish Kibbutz, in the middle of the page there is a large chicken, illustrated in red, green and outlined in black, the colours of the Palestinian flag. The image shows the backdrop of a Jewish Kibbutz and in the foreground a chicken coloured in the Palestinian colours peacefully standing on a cow. Again this image demonstrates peaceful relations between Israel and Palestine and two cultures living together harmoniously side by side. This is Bloors (2010 ) definition of multiculturalism.In the penultimate page, there are dove (a symbol of peace (Soucek 2006)) above a group of people. From the far left is a woman without a Tichel, standing next to a man who is wearing a Kippah, but also western clothes. This family may represent a more liberal attitude to Judaism. He is standing next to a man with a beard, who is wearing a long black coat, black trousers and a black hat. His wife is also wearing a Tichel and his daughters skirt at a lower place her knees. This family appears to be an observant Orthodox Jewish family. Next to the more conservative Jewish family is what might be assumed to be a more liberal Palestinian family. They are happily standing next to a family who are dressed in a more traditional Palestinian outfit. The son of the more conservative Jewish family is wearing blue and white and the son of the family is also wearing blue (the colours of the Israeli flag). The Jewish boy has his arm extended to the Palestinian li beral boy indicating a swear for a peaceful multicultural society. The different cultures together on one page fit both the definition of multiple cultures in one society (Cai 1998) and also Bloors (2010) definition of multiculturalism where cultures are living together harmoniously.In summary, the book Israel Is certainly demonstrates a multicultural society, both in the most basic of definitions where there are multiple cultures living together in one society and in more advanced definitions this book also fulfils Bloors (2010) definition of multiculturalism where the mosaic is celebrated and encouraged. The intent of the authors seems to be to encourage peace and harmony between all cultures in Israel. The only way this book informs us of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is its underlying insistence on peace. There are no images of war, only images of different cultures living in harmony.DOES THE MULTICULTURALISM PRESENTED IN THE BOOK SEEM IMPOSED OR NATURALThe answer to this qu estion is subjective and an insiders perspective may be very different from an outsiders perspective. From an outsider perspective, nothing appears unnatural about the illustrations however an individual who lived in Israel during the late 1980s may have differing opinion. For example, an individual who may have experienced hostility from another cultural group may argue that the images presented are unnatural and have been imposed by the authors.Given the events that took place in the late 1980s in Israel (the First Infatida) (Neff 1997) one may argue that the multiculturalism presented in the text is imposed and unnatural due to the hostilities between Palestinians and Israelis. Again, this is very subjective and each individual may have their own interpretation of events based on their own experience and knowledge.BibliographyAu, K. H. (1993) Literacy instruction in multicultural settings. meet Worth, TX Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College taproomlishers.Banks, J. A., & Banks, C. M. (2001) (Eds.). Handbook of research on multicultural education. San Francisco Jossey-Bass.Berreby, D. (2008) Us and Them The Science of Identity. Chicago University of Chicago Press.Bleich, D. (1978) Subjective criticism. London The John Hopkins University Press. . Bloor, K. (2010) The definitive guide to political ideologies. Milton Keynes AuthorHouseBOARD OF DEPUTIES OF BRITISH JEWS. (2006) Jewish Family Life and Customs a practical guide. easy from http//www.bjpa.org/Publications/details.cfm?PublicationID=14876 Accessed 11th October 2014.Cai, M. (1998) sevenfold definitions of multicultural literature Is the debate really just ivory tower bickering. 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